ADHD, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is a long-term condition that affects many children and often continues into adulthood. It causes difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior. Children may also face challenges with self-esteem, social relationships, and school performance.
What Are the Symptoms of ADHD?
ADHD is marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, usually appearing before age 12. Boys often show hyperactivity, while girls may appear quietly inattentive.
There are mainly three types of ADHD:
Inattentive Type: Children have trouble focusing, paying attention, and organizing tasks. They may make careless mistakes, avoid mentally demanding tasks, forget daily responsibilities, lose items, or seem not to listen.
Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: Children are restless, fidgety, and constantly moving. They may talk excessively, interrupt others, struggle to wait their turn, or engage in inappropriate behaviors.
Combined Type: A mix of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.
Why Does This Disease Occur?
The exact cause of ADHD is unknown. Factors may include genetics, differences in brain development, and environmental influences.
Who Is at Risk of ADHD?
Children may be at higher risk if:
- A family member has ADHD or other mental health conditions
- They were exposed to toxins such as lead
- Their mother used alcohol, drugs, or tobacco during pregnancy
- They were born prematurely
What Are the Possible Complications?
ADHD can lead to:
- Poor school performance and low grades
- Low self-esteem and confidence issues
- Difficulty making friends and socializing
- Higher risk of accidents, substance misuse, and legal problems
- Sleep disorders
- Coexisting conditions like anxiety, depression, or learning difficulties
- Suicidal thoughts or attempts
When Should You See a Doctor?
Consult a healthcare professional if:
- Symptoms affect school, home, or social life
- Behavioral issues persist despite support
- There are sudden changes in mood or attention
How Does Typical Child Development Differ from ADHD?
It’s normal for children to show inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsiveness at times. Preschoolers often have short attention spans, while older children focus better on tasks that interest them.
High energy is common, and some children are naturally more active than others. Differences from peers or siblings do not automatically indicate ADHD. Difficulties only in school or at home without affecting other areas may suggest other concerns.
How Is ADHD Diagnosed?
Diagnosis usually involves:
- Medical exams to rule out other causes
- Gathering personal, family, and school history
- Interviews with parents, teachers, or caregivers
- Specialist evaluation for preschoolers, as developmental delays can mimic ADHD
What Are the Treatment Options?
- ADHD cannot be cured, but treatments help manage symptoms:
Medications: Stimulants and nonstimulants
Behavior Therapy: Parent training, social skills training, family therapy, counseling
Medical Devices: Monarch eTNS and EndeavorRx for certain children
Educational Support: School programs and individualized education plans (IEPs)
How Can You Take Care at Home?
Parents can support children by:
- Encouraging achievements and positive behavior
- Giving simple, clear instructions
- Using consistent discipline and timeouts
- Helping organize study areas and routines
- Maintaining proper sleep, diet, and exercise
- Encouraging social interactions and hobbies
How Can ADHD Be Prevented?
- Avoid alcohol, drugs, and smoking during pregnancy
- Reduce exposure to toxins like lead
- Limit screen time for young children
- Promote healthy prenatal and early childhood development
Other Important Aspects
Alternative Therapies
Practices such as yoga, meditation, neurofeedback, and dietary changes may support symptom management.
Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any alternative approach.
Ongoing Care
Regular follow-up visits every three to six months help track progress. These checkups also allow timely adjustments to the treatment plan.
Family Support
Counseling, parent training programs, and support groups reduce stress. They also help families better support children and siblings affected by ADHD.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1. Can ADHD be cured?
No. ADHD cannot be cured, but treatment and strategies can help manage symptoms successfully.
Q2. Do all children outgrow ADHD?
Not always. Some children continue to show ADHD traits into adulthood, but can learn coping strategies.
Important Note: This information is for awareness purposes only. Consult a healthcare professional for advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
