Adenomyosis is a uterine disorder in which tissue that normally lines the womb grows into the muscle wall. This can cause the uterus to enlarge, and often leads to heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain.
What are the symptoms?
Some people with adenomyosis do not notice any symptoms, while others feel only mild discomfort. In more serious cases, the condition causes heavy or long-lasting periods and painful menstrual cramps. Ongoing pelvic pain is also common.
Some people experience pain during sexual intercourse. The uterus may become enlarged, leading to pressure or tenderness in the lower abdomen.
Why does this disease occur?
The cause of adenomyosis is not fully understood. One theory suggests that uterine lining cells grow into the muscle after surgery. Another links it to tissue development during fetal life.
Inflammation after childbirth may play a role. Stem cells in the uterine muscle may also transform. Backward menstrual flow is another possibility. Estrogen strongly influences disease growth.
Who is at risk of this disease?
Adenomyosis is more common in people with prior uterine surgery. Childbirth also increases risk. The condition mainly affects women in their 40s and 50s. Longer exposure to estrogen may explain this trend. However, younger women can also be affected. Adenomyosis often occurs with fibroids or endometriosis.
What are the possible complications?
- Heavy menstrual bleeding from adenomyosis can cause anemia, leading to fatigue and shortness of breath.
- Chronic pain may disrupt daily activities, causing many to limit social or physical routines.
- The condition can also affect pregnancy, increasing the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, and babies being smaller than expected.
- Adenomyosis may also be associated with infertility.
How is this disease diagnosed?
- Diagnosis can be difficult due to similar symptoms.
- A pelvic exam may show uterine enlargement or tenderness.
- A transvaginal ultrasound helps visualize the uterus.
- MRI can detect signs of adenomyosis.
- An endometrial biopsy may rule out serious disease. It cannot confirm adenomyosis.
- A final diagnosis is only possible after a hysterectomy.
What are the treatment options?
- Symptoms often improve after menopause.
- Treatment depends on age and symptom severity.
- Anti-inflammatory medicines reduce pain and bleeding.
- Hormonal therapies help control periods. These include pills and hormone-releasing devices.
- In severe cases, hysterectomy may be recommended.
- Removing the ovaries is not required.
How can you take care at home?
Simple measures may reduce discomfort.
- Warm baths can ease pelvic pain.
- Heating pads help relax the uterine muscles.
- Anti-inflammatory medicines may reduce cramps and swelling.
How can this disease be prevented?
There is no guaranteed way to prevent adenomyosis, as its exact cause remains unknown. Hormonal factors are thought to play a significant role in its development.
When should you see a doctor?
Seek medical care if periods are very heavy or prolonged. Severe cramps that disrupt daily life also need attention.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1. Does adenomyosis improve over time?
Yes. Symptoms often lessen after menopause.
Q2. Is hysterectomy the only permanent cure?
Yes. It is the only definitive treatment. Other therapies help manage symptoms.
Important Note: This information is for awareness purposes only. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
