Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a rapidly progressing blood and bone marrow cancer. It affects myeloid cells, which normally develop into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. AML is the most common acute leukemia in adults, though it can occur at any age. It is also called acute myeloblastic leukemia or acute granulocytic leukemia and does not have numbered stages like other cancers.
What are the symptoms?
Fever is common in AML. Pain may appear in the bones, back, or stomach. Patients often feel very tired. Skin may become pale or change color. Frequent infections can occur, and bruising may happen easily. Unexplained bleeding, such as from the nose or gums, is possible. Shortness of breath may also develop.
Why does this disease occur?
AML begins when DNA changes occur in myeloid cells. These changes make the cells grow uncontrollably. Immature white blood cells, called myeloblasts, accumulate in the bone marrow. They crowd out healthy blood cells, causing low oxygen, bleeding, and infections.
Who is at risk of this disease?
- Adults over 65
- People who have had certain chemotherapy or radiation
- Exposure to high levels of radiation
- Contact with harmful chemicals like benzene
- Smokers
- People with other blood disorders like myelodysplasia or myelofibrosis
- Individuals with genetic conditions, including Down syndrome
- People with a close relative with blood or bone marrow disorders
How is this disease diagnosed?
Blood Tests: Measure blood cell counts and check for immature white blood cells.
Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy: Collect marrow samples to examine for DNA changes.
Lumbar Puncture: Test the fluid around the brain and spinal cord if leukemia may have spread.
Imaging Tests: Use CT, MRI, or PET scans to detect if the cancer has moved to other parts of the body.
What are the possible complications?
- Severe infections
- Bleeding and anemia
- Organ damage from leukemia or treatment
- Side effects of chemotherapy, including heart or lung problems
- Risk of other cancers
What is the treatment?
Chemotherapy: Destroys leukemia cells. Hospital stays may be required during treatment.
Targeted Therapy: Blocks specific chemicals in leukemia cells to stop their growth.
Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Transplant: Replaces damaged bone marrow after high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Alternative Therapies: Supportive approaches like exercise, massage, meditation, yoga, art, or music therapy can help relieve stress and manage side effects.
How can you take care at home?
- Follow your treatment plan carefully
- Eat well, sleep enough, and stay active
- Manage stress with relaxation techniques
- Seek support from family, friends, or support groups
- Learn about your specific AML type
How can this disease be prevented?
- Avoid smoking and chemical exposure
- Limit radiation exposure
- Have regular checkups if you had prior cancer treatments or blood disorders
When should you see a doctor?
- Persistent fatigue or fever
- Frequent infections
- Unexplained bruising or bleeding
- Pain in bones, back, or stomach
- Any symptom that lasts or worsens
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
Q1: Can AML be cured?
AML can often be treated successfully, and many patients achieve remission. However, whether it is fully cured depends on factors like age, AML subtype, and response to treatment.
Q2: Is AML inherited?
Most cases of AML are not inherited. However, having a family history of blood disorders or certain genetic conditions can increase the risk.
Important Note: This information is for awareness only. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
