An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a swelling or enlarged area in the lower part of the aorta, the main blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
This swelling can grow slowly over time. If it becomes too large, it can burst and cause life-threatening internal bleeding.
Why does this disease occur?
AAA happens when the wall of the aorta becomes weak. Common causes include:
- Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) due to fat buildup
- High blood pressure that damages artery walls
- Diseases that cause swelling or irritation of blood vessels
- Infection in the aorta (rare)
- Injury or trauma, such as from a car accident
Who is at risk of this disease?
You may be at higher risk if you:
- Smoke or have smoked in the past
- Are aged 65 or older
- Are male (men get AAA more often)
- Are white
- Have a family history of AAA
- Have aneurysms in other blood vessels
Men aged 65-75 who have ever smoked should get a one-time ultrasound screening.
What are the symptoms?
- Most aneurysms grow slowly and do not cause symptoms.
- If symptoms do appear, they may include:
- Deep, constant pain in the belly or side
- Back pain
- A pulsing or beating feeling near the belly button
Symptoms of a rupture (emergency):
- Sudden, severe belly or back pain that feels like tearing
- Low blood pressure
- Fast heartbeat
- A rupture is a medical emergency and needs immediate help.
How is this disease diagnosed?
AAA is usually found during routine imaging tests such as:
- Ultrasound (most common)
- CT scan
- MRI
Screening is advised for people at higher risk, especially older men who have smoked.
What is the treatment?
Treatment depends on the size and growth of the aneurysm:
- Small or slow-growing aneurysms: regular checkups and imaging tests
- Large or fast-growing aneurysms: planned or emergency surgery
- Medicines may be given to lower blood pressure and reduce stress on the aorta
How can you take care at home?
To reduce your risk or slow down the growth of an aneurysm:
- Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke
- Eat a heart-healthy diet with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and low-fat foods
- Keep blood pressure and cholesterol under control
- Exercise regularly – aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity each week
- Attend routine checkups and screenings if you are at risk
How can this disease be prevented?
You can lower your chances of getting an AAA by:
- Not smoking
- Maintaining healthy blood pressure and cholesterol
- Eating nutritious, low-fat foods
- Staying active and exercising
- Managing chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension
When should you see a doctor?
Seek medical help if you experience:
- Suddenly, severe belly or back pain
- A strong pulsing feeling in your abdomen
- Symptoms of low blood pressure (dizziness, fainting)
- Any sudden or severe pain could signal a rupture and needs immediate emergency care.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1. Can an abdominal aortic aneurysm go away on its own?
No, it does not go away. It may stay small, but it needs monitoring.
Q2. How fast does an aneurysm grow?
Some grow slowly, while others may grow faster. Regular scans help track changes.
Q3. Is AAA painful?
Most AAAs do not cause pain until they grow large or are close to rupturing.
Important Note: This information is for awareness only. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
