Frozen shoulder, medically known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition marked by shoulder pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. The symptoms typically develop gradually and worsen over time. After reaching their peak, they slowly begin to ease. Most individuals recover within one to three years, although the recovery period can be prolonged and uncomfortable.
What are the symptoms?
Frozen shoulder develops in three stages.
- Early on, shoulder movement becomes painful and limited.
- In the next stage, pain may ease, but the shoulder becomes stiffer
- In the final stage, shoulder movement slowly improves.
Many people experience worse pain at night, which may disturb sleep.
Why does this disease occur?
The shoulder joint is encased in a flexible capsule of connective tissue. Frozen shoulder occurs when the capsule becomes abnormally thick and tight, limiting normal movement.
The exact cause is not fully understood. However, the condition often develops after the shoulder remains immobile for long periods following injury or surgery.
Who is at risk of this disease?
- People aged 40 and above are more commonly affected
- Women develop frozen shoulder more often than men
- Those with limited shoulder movement due to injury, surgery, or stroke face a higher risk
- People with diabetes, thyroid disorders, heart disease, or Parkinson’s disease are also at increased risk
How is this disease diagnosed?
- Diagnosis is mainly based on symptoms and physical examination. Doctors assess both active and passive shoulder movement. Frozen shoulder restricts both types of movement
- Imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI may be used to rule out other conditions
What are the possible complications?
- Persistent pain and stiffness may interfere with daily activities
- Nighttime pain can disrupt sleep
- Delayed treatment may prolong recovery and limit shoulder function
What are the treatment options?
- Treatment focuses on relieving pain and restoring movement
- Pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory medicines are often prescribed
- Physical therapy helps improve shoulder flexibility
- Severe or persistent cases may require steroid injections or joint-stretching procedures.
- Surgery is rarely needed and is used only when other treatments fail.
How can you take care at home?
- Use the shoulder as much as pain allows
- Perform prescribed range-of-motion exercises regularly
- Applying heat or cold can help reduce discomfort
How can this disease be prevented?
- Avoid keeping the shoulder immobile for long periods
- Follow exercise guidance during recovery from injury or surgery
- Early movement helps maintain shoulder flexibility
When should you see a doctor?
- Consult a doctor if shoulder pain steadily worsens.
- Seek medical help if stiffness limits daily activities.
- See a professional if pain affects sleep.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1. How long does frozen shoulder usually last?
Most people recover within one to three years.
Q2. Can frozen shoulder return?
It rarely affects the same shoulder again but may develop in the opposite shoulder.
Important Note: This information is for awareness purposes only. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
